Mali is a worrying example of a country’s destabilization by recurrent crises. Longstanding conflicts between farmers and cattle holders are intensified by a number of natural disasters. Livelihoods in the north are in danger, aggravated by a lack of food, assets, cattle or basic services. People who are used to living with scarce resources might be able to cope with one shock. But living through deficient years, in addition to insecurity imposed by armed conflict leaves them more vulnerable to any further crisis. People who are displaced and deprived lose the chance to grow enough food for the following year.
Armed conflict further destabilized already weak governance structures. Extremists and criminals used the power vacuum to take over in the north. It is generally an explosive mixture: with millions of young people across west and northern Africa left without future perspectives, extremists or bandits easily find recruits.
Signing the Peace Agreement by all parties was an important step forward. However, it needs to be backed up: Political and institutional reforms have to be implemented. In addition to the decentralization process, access to basic infrastructure for the people in the north must be further improved. To measure and address food and nutrition insecurity, access to the northern regions is critical. Restoring security and the rule of law should be another priority to prevent a vicious circle of hunger and armed conflict in Mali. A national reconciliation process is hardly possible without ensuring justice and human rights.
Ending dependency on emergency aid is equally important. People need to be enabled to feed themselves and to start restoring their livelihoods supported by seeds or cattle, for example. Improvement of farming and irrigation is required. Long-term and context-specific solutions should aim for a better infrastructure and a socio-economic development offering a perspective for the unemployed youth. Combining these development efforts with peace building and conflict resolution is a crucial step toward moving forward, but much more needs to be done to enable the people in Mali to live in peace and dignity.