Teresia Wangari lives in Korogocho, a slum in central Nairobi that borders the main city dump and is home to more than 200,000 people. In addition to caring for her own two children, who are one and five years old, Teresia took charge of her sister’s two young children, who are six and seven years old, following her sister’s death. To make ends meet, she sews and sells petticoats and slips in the neighborhoods around Korogocho through a business she developed with a grant from Concern’s livelihood development program. For each slip she sells at 100KSh (US$1.12), she makes 10KSh (US$0.11) profit. Her small profits must cover all her household needs, from food and water to rent, access to toilets, and school fees for the children.
In the past year, Teresia has seen significant increases in the prices she pays for essential goods such as food, cooking fuel, water, and transport:
The prices have gone up very much; particularly in the last month [June 2011], it has increased very much.
Teresia buys food daily in small quantities. Prices in the local shops fluctuate from day to day, and she must go to several shops before finding the one with the best price. This task cuts into the time she has for sewing her slips, fetching water, and caring for her children. She says:
The shop with the lowest price changes from day to day. It will not be the same shop each day. It depends on where they went to buy. The prices have gone up, so they pass this on to the customer.
Price changes have become larger and more erratic in the past year, and this change has affected Teresia’s household:
200 [KSh] used to get food to last for several days, and now you don’t even get change back [when you go to buy basic goods for one day].
She has also seen changes in her business in recent months as people have less disposable income:
People didn’t used to bargain. I would sell straight at 100. But now more people are bargaining, and sometimes I don’t sell anything.
Teresia expects prices to remain high and has developed strategies to meet her family’s basic needs. She changes the type of foods her family eats. Rather than consuming meat or fish a few times a week, the family now relies on ugali (maize flour) and vegetables. This diet lacks many nutrients essential for the growth of her young children. Interviews with several families in Korogocho revealed that many people reduced the number of meals they eat in addition to changing the types of food they eat.
To generate income, Teresia plans to increase the price of her slips to 150KSh (US$1.68) and travel into better-off neighborhoods, where she may be able to get a higher price. Although this plan may increase her income, her travel will mean less time with her children, increased transport costs, and greater insecurity because she will come home later in the evening.
Teresia, like many of her neighbors, is struggling to protect her family’s health and well-being in the face of increasing costs, increasing price volatility, and diminishing livelihood options. Unless the root causes are adequately addressed at the local, national, and international levels, Teresia and many like her will be forced to compromise their long-term well-being in order to meet immediate basic needs.